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    • 专利摘要:
    USE OF LAMB AND SH ATTENUATIONS TO ESTIMATE VP AND VS CEMENT IN A COATED WELL HOLE. The present invention relates to a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore that includes at least two of the following three pairs of operations: (1) inducing an acoustic wave in the liner , and measure the attenuation of the acoustic wave, by echo pulse or other cement connection profiling measurement; (2) induce an SH wave in the coating, and measure the attenuation of the SH wave; and (3) induce the Lamb wave in the coating, and measure the attenuation of the Lamb wave. (2) and / or (3) can be performed by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer device. The method additionally includes determining the shear rate or shear impedance and the compression rate or compression impedance of the bonding material based on one of the appropriate measurements. The bonding material can be cement.
    公开号:BR112015012403B1
    申请号:R112015012403-8
    申请日:2013-12-23
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Alexei Bolshakov；Douglas Patterson；Edward Domangue
    申请人:Baker Hughes Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    [0001] The present description relates in general to systems and methods for evaluating cement laid out of a liner in a well bore. More particularly, the description refers to the use of Lamb and SH wave attenuation measurements to determine the properties of cement such as the speed of compression and shear speeds. Background
    [0002] In the process of extracting hydrocarbons, for example, oil, from below the surface of the earth, wells are drilled and steel tubes (casing) are disposed inside the drilled hole (well hole or well hole). Cement is then pumped into the annular space between the liner and the rock wall of the well hole (formation). Cement serves two main purposes. First, it transfers tension from the coating to the formation, increasing the effective resistance and working pressure of the coating. Second, it serves to vertically isolate adjacent zones within the formation, preventing the migration of liquids and gases into the well hole between the formation and the liner, from one zone to the next. Therefore, it is important to guarantee the quality of the cement not only during the completion of the well, but also during its production life. Acoustic cement evaluation devices (cement connection profiles, or CBL) carried by a cable (steel cable) to move the tools up and down in the well bore were the main device to provide this guarantee. The evaluation principle is based on the loss of energy over time or on the distance of an excited acoustic wave in the coating. A conventional focus area has gone from determining whether cement is present outside the liner, for example, to determining whether only fluid is present between the liner and the formation (free pipe), whether the space between the liner and the formation is filled with cement attached to the coating (tube completely cemented), or if a small space, filled with fluid, exists between the cement and the coating (micro-ring). However, conventional techniques are unable to adequately assess the properties of the cement, as well as the properties indicative of the strength of the cement. summary
    [0003] Modalities of the present invention provide systems and methods for evaluating cement disposed outside a liner in a well bore, which meets the above-mentioned area for improvement and provides several advantages.
    [0004] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore is provided. The method includes inducing an acoustic wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the acoustic wave; determining the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the acoustic wave; induce an SH wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the SH wave; and determining the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave.
    [0005] In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore is provided. The method includes inducing an SH wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the SH wave; determine the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave; induce the Lamb wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the Lamb wave; generate at least one Lamb attenuation curve that has a value that satisfies the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave; and determining the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material based on at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave.
    [0006] In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore is provided. The method includes inducing an acoustic wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the acoustic wave; determining the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the acoustic wave; induce the Lamb wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the Lamb wave; and determining the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on (a) the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave and (b) the given compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material.
    [0007] Other aspects of the modalities described here will become apparent from the description below and from the attached drawings, which illustrate the principles of the modalities by way of example only. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0008] The following figures form part of this report and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the claimed invention, and should not be used to limit or define the claimed invention. The claimed invention can be better understood by reference to one or more of said drawings in combination with the description of embodiments presented here. Consequently, a more complete understanding of the present modalities and the additional features and advantages of the same can be acquired with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which similar reference numerals can identify similar elements, in which:
    [0009] Figure 1 illustrates a partially sectioned side view of a well hole including a well bottom profiling tool arranged therein, according to some modalities;
    [0010] Figures 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of propagation and particle movement of a symmetric and an asymmetric Lamb wave, respectively, on a plate, according to some modalities;
    [0011] Figures 3A and 3B are schematic illustrations of aspects of the movement of a symmetric and an asymmetric Lamb wave, respectively, across a plate, according to some modalities;
    [0012] Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the propagation and particle movement of an SH wave in a plate, according to some modalities;
    [0013] Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of waveforms of different SH wave modes, according to some modalities;
    [0014] Figure 6 is a graph that illustrates a modeled example of a response signal obtained in a measurement of an echo pulse, according to some modalities;
    [0015] Figure 7 is a graph that illustrates the dependence of the value of an exponential term of a function that characterizes an echo pulse response signal on the compression properties of cement, according to some modalities;
    [0016] Figure 8 is a graph that illustrates the SH wave attenuation (SH0 mode and SH1 mode) as a function of the cement shear properties, according to some modalities;
    [0017] Figure 9 is a graph that illustrates the attenuation of the Lamb wave (A0 mode) as a function of the shear properties of the cement, for the various cements with different Poisson ratios, according to some modalities;
    [0018] Figure 10 is a graph that illustrates Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the compression properties of the cement, for the various cements with different Poisson ratios, according to some modalities;
    [0019] Figure 11 is a graph that illustrates Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement compression properties, for a constant cement shear speed, according to some modalities;
    [0020] Figure 12 is a graph that illustrates Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement shear properties, for a constant cement compression speed, according to some modalities;
    [0021] Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) device, according to some modalities;
    [0022] Figure 14 is a flow chart that illustrates a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore, using a cement bond profiling measurement and a water attenuation measurement. SH wave, according to some modalities;
    [0023] Figure 15 is a flow chart illustrating a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore, using an SH wave attenuation measurement and a wave attenuation measurement. Lamb, according to some modalities;
    [0024] Figure 16 is a flow chart that illustrates a method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore, using a cement bond profiling measurement and a water attenuation measurement. Lamb wave, according to some modalities; and
    [0025] Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of a system to acquire, process, analyze, manage and transmit data obtained from a well, according to some modalities. Notation and Nomenclature
    [0026] Certain terms are used throughout the following description and in the claims to refer to particular system components and configurations. As those skilled in the art can see, the same component can be referred to by different names. This document is not intended to distinguish between components that differ in name, but not in function. In the present discussion of the present specification and the appended claims here, the terms "including" and "comprising" are used in a broad and open manner, and thus should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to ...." Detailed Description
    [0027] The following description of the figures is provided for the convenience of the reader. It must be understood, however, that the modalities presented are not limited to the precise arrangements and configurations as shown in the figures. Also, the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and certain characteristics may be shown exaggerated in scale or in generalized or schematic form, for the sake of greater clarity and conciseness. Likewise, certain characteristics can be omitted in certain figures, and this may not be explicitly noted in all cases.
    [0028] Although several modalities are described here, it should be noted that the present invention encompasses many inventive concepts that can be incorporated in a wide variety of contexts. The following detailed description of the exemplary modalities, read in conjunction with the attached drawings, is merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as it must be impossible or impractical to include all possible modalities and contexts of the present invention in the present description. Upon reading this description, many alternative embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
    [0029] The illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described below. For the sake of clarity, not all features of a current implementation are described or illustrated in this specification. In the development of any current modality, numerous specific implementation decisions may need to be made to achieve specific project objectives, which may vary from one implementation to the next. It will be noted that said development effort, although possibly complex and time-consuming, can nevertheless be a routine performed by people skilled in the art having the benefit of the present description.
    [0030] Figure 1 illustrates a partially sectioned side view of a well hole including the well bottom profiling tool arranged therein, according to some modalities. As illustrated in figure 1, well holes typically comprise liner 8 fitted within well hole 5, where liner 8 is connected to well hole 5 by adding cement 9 within the ring formed between the outer diameter of liner 8 and the internal diameter of the well hole 5. The cement connection not only adheres to the liner 8 inside the well hole 5, but also serves to insulate the adjacent zones (for example, Z1 and Z2) within an earth formation 18. The isolation from adjacent zones can be important, for example, when one zone contains oil or gas and the other zone includes a non-hydrocarbon fluid such as water. If the cement 9 that surrounds the coating 8 is defective and fails to provide insulation in the adjacent areas, water or other undesirable fluid can migrate into the hydrocarbon production zone thereby diluting or contaminating the hydrocarbons within the production zone, and increasing production costs, slowing production or inhibiting resource recovery.
    [0031] To detect possible defective cement connections, downhole tools 14 have been developed to analyze the integrity of the cement 9 that connects the liner 8 to the well hole 5. Said downhole tools 14 are lowered into the hole well 5 by steel cable 10 in combination with pulley 12 and (in some cases where well bore 5 is located on land rather than on the ocean floor) a surface truck (not shown). Downhole tools 14 typically include transducer devices 16 arranged on their outer surface. Said transducer devices 16 are generally capable of emitting acoustic waves within the coating 8 and recording the amplitude of the acoustic waves as they travel, or propagate, through the coating 8. The characteristics of the cement bond, such as its effectiveness, integrity and adhesion to the coating can be determined by analyzing the characteristics of the acoustic wave such as attenuation. Transducer devices 16 are typically formed to be acoustically coupled to the fluid in the well bore, although there are now tools, such as certain electromagnetic transducer devices discussed below, that do not require acoustic coupling to the fluid and thus can operate in wells filled with gas.
    [0032] The use of transducer devices 16 to measure cement bond characteristics can be referred to as cement bond acoustic profiling technologies (CBL). The existing acoustic CBL technologies currently produce cement maps based on measured attenuations or measured signal decay, as in echo pulse measurements. These measurements are based heavily on the cement's acoustic impedance (a product of cement density and cement compression speed) and do not directly measure anything that depends on the cement shear speed alone. As a result, one may be able to obtain only an estimate of the compression speed of the cement from the said measurements, while the shear properties of the cement remain uncharacterized. In accordance with the modalities of the present invention, various combinations of traditional CBL or echo pulse measurements, Lamb wave attenuation measurements, and SH wave attenuation measurements can be employed, which allow a direct determination or estimate not only of the speed of compression, but also of the shear speed of the cement and, therefore, allow the calculation of not only the elastic modulus of compression but also of the elastic modulus of cement shear in a well-coated hole.
    [0033] Lamb waves propagate on solid plates. They are elastic waves whose particle movement is found in the plane that contains the wave propagation direction and the normal plate (the direction perpendicular to the plate). Figures 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of the movement of the Lamb wave on a plate (medium wave), which shows the propagation and particle movement of a symmetric Lamb wave 48 and an asymmetric Lamb wave 50, respectively, according to some modalities . In each of these figures the movement of the wave is illustrated by a series of vertical arrows that demonstrate the amplitude of the wave's movement as well as oblique arrows that point along the edge of the middle wave that illustrates the propagation of the wave that passes through the wave average. Lamb waves are similar to longitudinal waves, with compression and rarefaction, and they are connected together by the sheet or plate surface causing a waveguide effect. Lamb waves can be complex vibrating waves capable of traversing the entire thickness of the medium wave 42. The propagation of the Lamb waves is dependent on the density, elasticity, and material properties of the medium wave. These waves are also influenced to a large extent by the frequency and thickness of the material. With Lamb waves, many particle vibration modes are possible, but the two most common are symmetrical and asymmetric modes. The frequency and wavelengths of the induced Lamb waves can be chosen based on the characteristics of the particular transducer device that creates the waves as well as the wave mode used. It is within the scope of those skilled in the art to choose such frequencies and wavelengths. Lamb waves can be induced by piezoelectric devices, electromagnetic acoustic transducer devices (EMAT), and wedge-type transducer devices.
    [0034] Lamb waves can result from the constructive interference of P (compression) and Sv (vertical shear) wave types. When introduced into a casing well, said waves typically propagate around the casing's circumference or axis. However, said propagation is not limited to the circumferential path, but it also includes axial path, propagation in a helical pattern, and any other wave propagation pattern through and / or along the coating. The first mode, or zero order symmetric mode, (S0) of the Lamb wave can be referred to as an extension or expansion wave, while the first mode, or zero order mode, asymmetric mode (A0) can be referred to as a flexural mode. Subsequent symmetric modes of the Lamb wave can be designated S1, S2, etc., while subsequent asymmetric modes of the Lamb wave can be designated A1, A2, etc.
    [0035] Figures 3A and 3B are schematic illustrations of additional aspects of the movement of a symmetric Lamb wave and an asymmetric Lamb wave, respectively, across a plate, according to some modalities. Figure 3A illustrates the S0 mode, and Figure 3B illustrates the A0 mode. In said figures, the horizontal lines indicate the surfaces of the top and bottom portion of the plate (medium wave). As represented by the arrows, the symmetrical Lamb waves move in a symmetrical way over a medium plane of the plate, thus the name "extension" mode, as the wave is “stretching and compressing” the plate in a direction of wave motion. Similarly, the arrows show how the symmetrical Lamb waves move in an asymmetric way over the median plane of the plate, so that the body portion of the plate "flexes" as the two surfaces move in the same direction, hence the name "flexural" mode.
    [0036] SH waves, or horizontal shear waves, are shear waves polarized in the horizontal plane. Said waves are elastic waves that propagate in solid plates and whose particle movement is parallel to the plate and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. They can also be referred to as transversely polarized shear waves (TPSW). Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the propagation and particle movement of an SH wave in a plate (medium wave), according to some modalities. In figure 4, arrows 44 illustrate how the shear wave propagates through the middle wave 42, while arrows 46 demonstrate how the horizontal shear wave displaces particles within the medium 42. As shown, the displacement of the particles it is in the horizontal plane of the medium 42 in which the wave is traveling. The frequencies and wavelengths of the induced SH waves can be chosen based on the characteristics of the particular transducer device that creates the waves as well as the wave mode used. It is within the scope of those skilled in the art to choose such frequencies and wavelengths. Examples of acoustic sources for creating shear waves include electromagnetic acoustic transducer devices as well as wedge-type transducer devices.
    [0037] Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of waveforms of different SH wave modes, in particular, SH0, SH1, SH2, according to some modalities. The normal displacement of the particles, as indicated by the arrows 46 in figure 4, is shown here by the plus signs (+) indicating the displacement perpendicularly out from the paper plane and the minus signs (-) indicating the displacement perpendicular to the paper plane. Of course, figure 5 illustrates each mode only in the periodic wave portion.
    [0038] Modalities of the method of the present invention have been demonstrated by the present inventors using a model. The model consisted of an 8 mm thick steel plate (ie coating) with fluid on one side and cement on the other side. The following properties were used in the modeling: Steel plate: density (ppl) 7.8 g / cc, compression speed (Vppl) 5930 m / s, shear speed (Vspl) 3250 m / s; Fluid: density (pfl) 1.0 g / cc, compression speed (Vpfl) 1500 m / s; Cement: density (pcem) 1.8 g / cc, variable compression (Vpcem) and shear (Vscem) speeds with several Poisson ratios, where the Poisson ratio is the function of compression and shear velocities. When working with the model, the intention was to demonstrate how the cement compression speed (Vpcem) and the shear speed (Vscem) can be obtained from certain measurements (discussed below) assuming that all other properties described above are known. To be sure, in a real profiling situation only the coating properties are generally known, while the thickness of the coating and the properties of the fluid within the coating are generally not known. However, these properties can be derived from additional measurements and in the model it was assumed that everything described above was known except for the compression and shear speeds of the cement (Vpcem and Vscem). Regarding the model, it was also assumed that the cement is present behind the coating and that there is no micro ring. In calculating Lamb's and SH's attenuations a constant wavelength of 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) was assumed.
    [0039] According to the method modalities of the present invention, a combination of any two of the following three measurements, or alternatively all three measurements, can be used: (1) regular CBL measurement or measurement of an echo pulse; (2) measurement of SH (Love) wave attenuation; and (3) Lamb wave attenuation measurement. Each of these types of measurements is described in turn below.
    [0040] (1) Regular CBL measurement or measurement of an echo pulse. In this case, the response obtained from the measurement depends only on the acoustic impedance of the cement behind the coating (the pcem and Vpcem product). When working with the model, echo pulse measurements were obtained, although other CBL measurements can be employed, as can be understood by those skilled in the art. Figure 6 is a graph that illustrates a modeled example of a response signal obtained from a measurement of an echo pulse, according to some modalities. As shown in the figure, signal 601 contains the reflection of the coating 605 (first part of the signal) followed by reverberations of the coating 606. One way of obtaining the properties of the cement from the signal is to adapt the reverberation to a exponential function 608. As shown, said reverberations have an exponential decay given by the following:
    where t is time, A is a proportionality coefficient, d is the coating thickness, and R1 and R2 are reflection coefficients between the coating and the fluid and between respectively, given by the following: ptpvpp - pifyP

    [0041] Figure 7 is a graph that illustrates the dependence of the exponential term α (of the F (t) function that characterizes the response signal of the eco pulse) on the compression properties of the cement behind the coating, considering the specified parameters, according to some modalities. Thus, measuring this parameter allows the determination of the compression speed of the cement Vpcem or alternatively the compression impedance of the cement zpm = pce'm'pc '"' if the density of the cement is not known. For example, in figure 7, the measured value of 0.1 for the exponential term α (y-axis) corresponds to the cement compression speed of 2640 m / s or the cement compression impedance of 4.75 MRayls (x-axis), as indicated by the circled point 702 in the response curve 701, from which the vertical dotted line 710 indicates the compression speed and the compression impedance values (it will be observed that the x-axis shows two different amounts, that is, the compression speed and the compression impedance , not a relationship from one to the other - the bar (/) does not indicate division. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the properties of the cement can be obtained from the response signal 601 of figure 6 through different from adapting to declining reverberations to an exponential function, which has been described here.
    [0042] (2) SH (Love) wave attenuation measurement. Love waves are SH waves that propagate in the layer. In the case of the cemented coating, the attenuation of said waves depends only on the shear impedance of the cement and the density of the cement as long as the coating properties and thickness are known. The characteristics of Love waves (SH) do not depend on the properties of the fluid in the model described. Figure 8 is a graph that illustrates the SH wave attenuation (SH0 Mode and SH1 Mode) as a function of the shear properties of the cement (for the 8 mm thick coating by the model described), according to some modalities. Thus, figure 8 shows the dependence of the Love wave attenuation (SH) (SH0 and SH1 modes) on the shear properties of the cement. It is noted that modalities of the method of the present invention are not restricted to the illustrated modes, but can be performed using any other SH mode. The attenuation measurement allows the determination of the shear speed of the cement or alternatively the shear impedance of the cement if the density of the cement is not known. For example, in figure 8, the measured attenuation value of 16.3 dB / ft for SH0 mode or 45.1 dB / ft for SH1 mode (y axis) corresponds to the cement shear speed of 1620 m / s or the cement shear impedance of 2.92 MRayls (x-axis), as indicated by the circled points 802, 804 in the two attenuation curves 801, 803, respectively, from which the vertical dotted line 810 indicates the velocity values shear and shear impedance (it will be observed that the x-axis shows two different quantities, ie the shear speed and shear impedance, not a relationship from one point to the other - the bar (/) does not indicate division).
    [0043] (3) Lamb wave attenuation measurement. As noted, Lamb waves consist of shear (specifically, SV, or vertical shear) and compression waves P that propagate in one layer. In the case of cemented cladding, the attenuation of said waves depends on the cement compression rate and the cement shear rate as well as the cement density as long as all other properties in the described model are known. Figure 9 is a graph that illustrates the Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement shear properties (shear velocity or shear impedance), for the various cements with different Poisson ratios (and 1, 8 g / cc density, by model), according to some modalities, while figure 10 is a graph that illustrates the Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement compression properties (compression speed or the compression impedance), for the various cements with different Poisson ratios (and 1.8 g / cc density, according to the model), according to some modalities. Thus, figure 9 shows the dependence of Lamb A0 mode (antisymmetric 0 mode) on the cement shear properties for cements with different Poisson ratios, while figure 10 shows the dependence of Lamb A0 mode (0 antisymmetric mode) on the properties. of cement compression, for cements with different Poisson ratios. It is noted that the modalities of the method of the present invention are not restricted to the illustrated mode, but can be performed using any other symmetric (S) or antisymmetric (A) Lamb mode. It will be observed that the Lamb attenuation curves illustrated are functions of the Vp / Vs ratio (or Poisson ratio) for cement. It will be further observed that neither shear nor the compression properties of cement can be obtained based on the measurement of Lamb attenuation alone. For example, as shown in figures 9 and 10, an A0 attenuation value of 30 dB / ft (horizontal dotted line 920) can correspond to multiple different cement compression properties and multiple different cement shear properties. In fact, that particular attenuation value can be obtained even when fluid with certain properties is behind the coating. It should also be noted that the attenuation curves shown in figures 9 and 10 are discontinuous. Said discontinuity is due to the point of evanescence. The determination of the compression properties of the cement and the shear properties of the cement based on the Lamb attenuation curves is described below.
    [0044] As mentioned above, the modalities of the method of the present invention involve the use of combinations of the measurements described above to achieve not only the compression properties, but also the shear properties of the cement behind the coating. In the discussion below, the results obtained using the model described above are employed, and the intention is to obtain not only the shear properties, but also the compression properties of a particular cement. Therefore, for the purposes of the discussion, the following are considered as data: (i) the value of the exponential term (α) obtained from the measurement of an echo pulse is 0.1 (as shown by circled point 702 in figure 7 ), which corresponds to the cement compression speed of 2640 m / s or the cement compression impedance of 4.75 MRayls (as shown by the vertical dotted line 710 in figure 7); (ii) the measured attenuation value for SH measurement is 16.3 dB / ft for SH0 mode or 45.1 dB / ft for SH1 mode (as shown by circled points 802, 804 in figure 8), which correspond to the cement shear speed of 1620 m / s or the cement shear impedance of 2.92 MRayls (as shown by the vertical dotted line 810 in figure 8); (iii) the measured attenuation value for the Lamb A0 measurement is 30 dB / ft (as shown by the horizontal dotted lines 920, 1020 in figures 9 and 10, respectively).
    [0045] According to the method modalities of the present invention, any of the following four measurement combinations, (A) - (D), can be used.
    [0046] (A) Combination of echo pulse (or regular CBL measurement) and SH wave attenuation measurement. In the aforementioned case, the compression and shear properties of the cement can be directly and independently obtained from the echo pulse measurements and the SH wave attenuation measurements, respectively, as described above in (1) and (2) with reference to figures 6-8.
    [0047] (B) Combination of SH measurement and Lamb measurement. In said case, the first value of the cement shear properties is obtained from the SH wave attenuation measurement as described above in (2) with reference to figure 8. The said value can then be used to obtain the ratio Vp / Vs from the Lamb attenuation measurement as shown in figure 9. Specifically, from among the multiple Lamb attenuation curves 951-957 identified by legend 915, the Lamb attenuation curve is seen to have an attenuation of 30 dB / ft (ie, an attenuation value obtained in the Lamb measurement - as indicated by the horizontal dotted line 920) that corresponds to the shear properties of the cement obtained from the SH attenuation measurement (indicated by the vertical dotted line 910) or , in other words, the Lamb attenuation curve that has a value (point on the graph) that satisfies the Lamb attenuation measured at 30 dB / ft (on the y axis) and the shear properties of the cement, that is, the speed of shear of the cement of 1620 m / s or the shear impedance of the cement of 2.92 MRayls (on the x axis), obtained from the measurement of SH wave attenuation. As shown by circled point 902 (the intersection of the horizontal dotted line 920 = measured attenuation, the vertical dotted line 910 = obtained shear properties, and one of the Lamb 951-957 attenuation curves) in figure 9, the Lamb 953 attenuation curve. with a Vp / Vs ratio of 1.63 (Poisson's ratio of 0.2) fits this criterion, as indicated by the arrow 925 which identifies that the Lamb attenuation curve using the legend 915. Once the referred relationship is known , the compression properties of the cement can be obtained: compression speed = 1620 m / s * 1.63 ~ 2640 m / s (ie Vs * Vp / Vs); compression impedance = 2.92 MRayls * 1.63 ~ 4.75 MRayls.
    [0048] Figure 11 illustrates an alternative way of obtaining the compression properties of cement. Figure 11 is a graph that illustrates the Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement compression properties, for a constant cement shear speed (or shear impedance), according to some modalities. Since the shear properties of the cement in that case are known from the SH measurement, the Lamb attenuation curve can be generated corresponding to the known shear properties of the cement (shear speed; shear impedance) and variable compression speed cement (or compression impedances). Said curve 1160 is illustrated in figure 11, whose curve is specifically the Lamb attenuation curve so A0 for the various cement compression properties and constant cement shear speed of 1620 m / s (or constant cement shear impedance 2.92 MRayls). (In figure 11, the Poisson ratio values of the cement are limited to the range from 0.0 to 0.4.) In that case, the compression properties of the cement can be obtained as the value of (x-axis) obtained at the intersection of the horizontal dotted line 1120 (which indicates an attenuation value of 30 db / ft obtained from the Lamb measurement in the A0 attenuation mode) and the illustrated Lamb 1160 attenuation curve, as indicated by circled point 1102 in the figure 11. Therefore, the properties obtained from compression (x-axis value) are marked in the graph as "properties derived from cement compression" (indicated by vertical dotted line 1110). It will be observed that the values of the points on curve 1160 in figure 11, which correspond to the various compression properties, can be obtained by multiplying the values of the shear properties at the points on the curve Lamb selected 953 in figure 9 by Vp / Vs.
    [0049] (C) Combination of echo pulse (or regular CBL measurement) and Lamb measurement. First, the value of cement compression properties is obtained from the measurement of an echo pulse, as described above in (1) with reference to figures 6 and 7. This value can then be used to obtain the ratio Vp / Vs from the Lamb measurement attenuation as shown in figure 10. Specifically, from among the multiple Lamb attenuation curves 1051-1057 identified by legend 1015, the Lamb attenuation curve is seen having an attenuation of 30 dB / ft (this is, an attenuation value obtained in the Lamb measurement - as indicated by the horizontal dotted line 1020) that corresponds to the compression properties of the cement obtained from the measurement of an echo pulse (indicated by the vertical dotted line 1010) or, in other words , the Lamb attenuation curve that has a value (point on the graph) that satisfies the Lamb attenuation measured at 30 dB / ft (on the y axis) and the compression properties of the cement, that is, the compression speed of the cement of 2640 m / s or the impedance compression ratio of 4.75 MRayls cement (on the x-axis), obtained from the measurement of an echo pulse. As shown by circled point 1002 (the intersection of the horizontal dotted line 1020 = measured attenuation, the vertical dotted line 1010 = compression properties obtained, and one of the Lamb attenuation curves 1051-1057) in figure 10, curve 1053 with a relation Vp / Vs of 1.63 (Poisson's Ratio of 0.2) fits this criterion, as indicated by the arrow 1025 that identifies the Lamb attenuation curve using the legend 1015. Once this relationship is known, the properties of cement shear can be obtained: shear speed = 2640 m / s / 1.63 ~ 1620 m / s (Vp * Vs / Vp); shear impedance = 4.75 MRayls / 1.63 ~ 2.92 MRayls. With reference to figure 10, it will be observed that, while for the modeled data this determination is possible, in practice the use of that particular method can be difficult since, as shown in the figure, curves 1051-1057 with different Vp / Vs ratios for cements with various compression properties are not very well separated. (due to the fact that curves 1051-1057 are not well separated in figure 10, reference numbers 1051-1057 are only considered in legend 1025, and current curves 1051-1057 in the graph are not marked with their reference numbers ).
    [0050] Figure 12 illustrates an alternative way of obtaining the shear properties of cement. Figure 12 is a graph that illustrates the Lamb wave attenuation (A0 mode) as a function of the cement shear properties, for a constant cement compression speed (or compression impedance), according to some modalities. Since the compression properties of the cement in that case are known from the measurement of an echo pulse, the Lamb attenuation curve can be generated corresponding to the known properties of cement compression (compression speed; compression impedance) and velocity variable cement shear (or shear impedance). Said curve 1260 is illustrated in figure 12, whose curve is specifically the Lamb attenuation in A0 mode for the various cement shear properties and constant cement compression speed of 2640 m / s (or constant cement compression impedance of 4 , 75 MRayls). In that case, the shear properties of the cement can be obtained as the value of (x-axis) obtained at the intersection of the horizontal dotted line 1220 (which indicates that an attenuation value of 30 db / ft obtained from the Lamb measurement in the attenuation mode A0) and the illustrated attenuation curve Lamb 1260, as indicated by circled point 1202 in figure 12. Therefore, the shear properties obtained (x-axis value) are marked in the graph the "properties derived from cement shear "(indicated by the dotted vertical line 1210). It will be observed that the values of the points on the curve 1260 in figure 12, which corresponds to the various shear properties, can be obtained by multiplying the values of the compression properties on the points on the curve Lamb selected 1053 in figure 10 by Vs / Vp.
    [0051] (D) Combination of all three measurements. The combination of all three measurements, described above in (A) - (C), can be used. In that case, the additional information obtained can be used, for example, for quality control, to eliminate erroneous measurements, etc.
    [0052] In view of the discussion above it will be noted that combinations (D) and (A) have certain advantages. Combination (A) incorporates two independent measurements of cement compression and shear properties, while combination (D) additionally provides quality control. It will also be noted that the combination (B) has certain advantages over the combination (C). Since the curve shown in figure 12 is flat for the Poisson cement ratios in the range 0 to 0.4, a much smaller error in the measured Lamb A0 attenuation can produce a large apparent change in the compression properties of the cement.
    [0053] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the Lamb and SH measurements described above can be produced using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) device, as described in US Patent No. 7,697,375 to Reiderman et al., Having the same assignee of this application, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. However, the modalities described here are not limited to a particular tool or transducer device, and any methods for exciting Lamb and SH waves can be used. The observed EMAT can be useful to determine the properties described above of cement in the case of lightweight cement (LWC). Those skilled in the art will note that several tools exist to perform standard CBL measurement and / or an echo pulse measurement. It can once again be seen that any SH modes can be used to produce the shear / impedance velocity estimate in cement (i.e. SH0, SH1, etc.), and any Lamb modes (A0, S0, A1, S1, etc. .) can be used to obtain the cement / impedance compression speed based on the joint interpretation of the cement / impedance shear speed value obtained from the SH measurement and an attenuation value obtained from the Lamb measurement.
    [0054] Although the reader is oriented to the above-mentioned US Patent No. 7,697,375 incorporated by reference, however, Figure 13 provides a schematic, simplified illustration of an EMAT 30 tool, according to some modalities. The principles of EMAT operation involve placing a wire close to the surface of an electrically conductive object (magnetic or non-magnetic) and flowing the current through the wire. This configuration induces eddy currents in the object by electromagnetic induction (based on the electromagnetic skin effect). In the presence of a static magnetic field (B) the aforementioned induced eddy currents (J) experience the Lorenz forces (f) given by the product of the vector of the two fields: f = J * B (3)
    [0055] Through a variety of interactions, said Lorenz forces are transmitted into the object and serve as a source of acoustic waves. Depending on the mutual orientation of the fields, EMAT can be used to generate shear waves or Lamb waves in a coating. As shown in figure 13, the EMAT 30 tool has associated magnetic fields (AL, ASH). In this simplified illustration of an EMAT 30 a wire 32 is shown formed in a series of loops 34. The EMAT 30 is in electrical communication with a current source (not shown) that provides the current i to the wire 32. When applying the field static magnetic AL when the EMAT 30 is arranged close to an object, such as the inner diameter of a coating section 8 (Figure 1), in turn will induce the Lamb wave within the coating 8. Similarly, if the static magnetic field ASH is applied to a coating section 8, a shear wave can be induced within the coating 8.
    [0056] As is known in the art, the wavelength of the Lamb waves produced by the EMAT devices is dependent on the width W of the windings of the spiral 34 inside the EMAT 30. Typically there is a one to one relationship between the width W of the winding of the spiral 34 and the wavelength of the Lamb wave produced by the EMAT 30. Thus the wavelength of the Lamb wave produced by a specific EMAT can be controlled by controlling the width W of the winding of the spiral 34.
    [0057] Figures 14-16 are flow charts that illustrate methods of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore, according to some modalities. According to the flow chart of figure 14, the method uses a regular cement bonding profiling measurement (for example, echo pulse) and an SH wave attenuation measurement, according to some modalities. According to the flow chart in figure 15, the method uses an SH wave attenuation measurement and a Lamb wave attenuation measurement, according to some modalities. According to the flow chart in figure 16, the method uses the measurement of regular cement bonding profiling (for example, echo pulse) and a Lamb wave attenuation measurement, according to some modalities. Figures 14-16 correspond to the combinations described above (A) - (C), respectively.
    [0058] With reference to figure 14, in step 1405, an acoustic wave is induced in the coating. In step 1410, the attenuation of the acoustic wave is measured. Steps 1405 and 1410 can be performed, for example, using the CBL tool, for example, an echo pulse transducer device. In step 1415, the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material is determined based on the measured attenuation of the acoustic wave. In step 1420, an SH wave is induced in the coating. In step 1425, the attenuation of the SH wave is measured. Steps 1420 and 1425 can be performed, for example, using an EMAT tool. In step 1430, the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material is determined based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave.
    [0059] With reference to figure 15, in step 1505, an SH wave is induced in the coating. In step 1510, the attenuation of the SH wave is measured. Steps 1505 and 1510 can be performed, for example, using an EMAT tool. In step 1515, the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material is determined based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave. In step 1520, the Lamb wave is induced in the coating. In step 1525, the attenuation of the Lamb wave is measured. Steps 1520 and 1525 can be performed, for example, using an EMAT tool. In step 1530, at least one Lamb attenuation curve is generated that has a value that satisfies the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave. In at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated it can have a value that satisfies the given shear rate or the shear impedance of the bonding material. In step 1535, the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material is determined based on at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave. Specifically, the compression rate or compression impedance of the bonding material can be calculated using a compression rate ratio for the shear rate of at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the given shear rate or shear impedance. connection material. Alternatively, in at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated can correspond to multiple compression speeds, and the determination of the compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material based on at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the attenuation of the Measured Lamb wave can be performed by identifying an intersection of at least one generated Lamb attenuation curve and the measured Lamb wave attenuation.
    [0060] With reference to figure 16, in step 1605, an acoustic wave is induced in the coating. In step 1610, the attenuation of the acoustic wave is measured. Steps 1605 and 1610 can be performed, for example, using the CBL tool, for example, an echo pulse transducer device. In step 1615, the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material is determined based on the measured attenuation of the acoustic wave. In step 1620, the Lamb wave is induced in the coating. In step 1625, the attenuation of the Lamb wave is measured. Steps 1620 and 1625 can be performed, for example, using an EMAT tool. In step 1630, the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material is determined based on (a) the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave and (b) the given compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material. The determination of the shear speed or the shear impedance of the bonding material can be carried out by selecting the Lamb attenuation curve that has a value that satisfies (c) the measured Lamb wave attenuation and (d) the given compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material. Alternatively, the determination of the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material can be performed by (e) generating the Lamb attenuation curve that corresponds to (i) the given compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material and (ii) multiple shear velocities, and (f) identify an intersection of the Lamb attenuation curve generated with the measured Lamb attenuation.
    [0061] Consistent with the above discussion of combination (D), the method of figure 14 can additionally include inducing and measuring the attenuation of the Lamb wave and making determinations applicable based on it, the method of figure 15 can additionally include inducing and measuring the attenuation of an acoustic wave and make applicable determinations based on it, and the method of figure 16 may additionally include inducing and measuring the attenuation of an SH wave and making applicable determinations based on it.
    [0062] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, with respect to each of the figures 14-16, the ordering of some of the stages can be varied and some of the stages can be performed in parallel.
    [0063] With reference to all the methods discussed here, since the cement compression impedance or the compression speed and the cement shear impedance or the shear speed are known, the indicative properties of the cement strength can be determined on the basis of said known amounts, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Said properties indicative of cement strength include, for example, volume modulus, shear modulus, and Young modulus. By knowing the referred properties indicative of cement strength, more informed and consequently improved decisions can be implemented as actions to be taken in relation to the well (for example, additional drilling, additional profiling, capping and abandonment, etc.) ).
    [0064] According to the modalities of the present invention, a particular mode of Lamb wave or SH wave to be induced can be selected depending on the known or estimated density of the binding material. For example, for lightweight cement, SH's attenuation curves deviate downwards, meaning that SH0 Mode has less sensitivity than SH1 Mode. Thus, for light weight cement it may be more preferable to employ the SH1 Mode than the SH0 Mode.
    [0065] According to the modalities of the present invention, any of the Lamb and SH waves can be induced in the coating in such a way as to cause the wave to propagate in an axial, circumferential, helical, or other direction along the coating, as can be understood by those skilled in the art.
    [0066] Although the above description was given with reference to cement disposed outside a coated well hole, those skilled in the art may note that the modalities described here are also applicable to other types of bonding materials, including cement having additives, such as glass beads, etc.
    [0067] Data (for example, attenuation measurements, cement properties, etc.) obtained by the methods described here, or profiling compiled from said data, can be fed into a system to perform tasks such as data acquisition , processing, analysis, management and transmission. Said data may be needed by those who have to make decisions with the responsibility to decide what actions should be taken with respect to a well that was (initially) drilled and profiled. These decisions can be critical and may need to be taken quickly, with errors or delays resulting in undue costs. Decision makers as well as individuals with the task of interpreting the data may be located distant from the field in which the data is obtained, and it may not be possible if (in time) they move those parts to that location. It is also critical to maintain data confidentiality. Accordingly, the modalities of the present invention can include said systems for the acquisition, processing, analysis, management and transmission of data.
    [0068] Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of the referred data acquisition, processing, analysis, management and transmission system. As shown in the figure, the system 400 includes a surface unit 402 operatively connected to a drilling system in the well area 404, and servers 406 operationally connected to the surface unit 402. As additionally shown, the system 400 may also include communication links 410 between the drilling system of the well drilling area 404, the surface unit 402, and the servers 406. A variety of links can be provided to facilitate the flow of data through the 400 system. For example, communication links 410 can provide continuous, intermittent, one-way, two-way and / or selective communication through the 400 system. Communication links 410 can be of any type, such as wired, wireless, etc. .
    [0069] Details of the drilling system of the well 404 drilling area can be as described with reference to figure 1, and the surface unit 402 can be a surface truck as described with reference to figure 1. The surface unit 402 can be provided with an acquisition component 412, a controller 414, a display unit 416, a processor 418 and a transceiver device 420. Acquisition component 412 collects and / or stores data obtained from the well using measurement tools. downhole 14. It will be noted that steel cable 10 (Figure 1) can serve not only as a power cable for carrying downhole tools 14, but also as a data transmission cable or communication medium for transmitting the data obtained by the well-bottom tools 14 to the acquisition component 412 of the surface unit 402.
    [0070] Controller 414 can be enabled to issue commands in the well. Controller 414 can be provided with drive means that can perform drilling operations, such as driving, advancing, or otherwise taking action in the well drilling area. Commands can be generated based on 418 processor logic, or by commands received from other sources. The 418 processor can be provided with features to manipulate and analyze the data obtained, including performing the determinations, calculations, etc. described here and supporting or related actions, as can be understood by those skilled in the art. The 418 processor can be provided with additional functionality to perform operations in the well.
    [0071] Screen unit 416 can be provided in the well drilling area and / or in distant locations (not shown) for data visualization. The data represented by the screen unit 416 can be raw data, processed data and / or data output generated from various data. A user can determine the desired course of action during or after drilling, based on a review of the displayed data. The drilling operation can be selectively adjusted in response to the review of the displayed data. The data and aspects of the drilling operation can be viewed in real time or in close to real time on the 416 screen unit.
    [0072] The transceiver device 420 provides a means for providing access to data to and / or from other sources. The transceiver device 420 also provides a means for communicating with other components, such as servers 406, the drilling system for the well drilling area 404, and the surface unit 402.
    [0073] Servers 406 may include any server (s) in field 422, remote server (s) 424, and third party server (s) 426. The server in field 422 can be positioned in the well drilling area and / or at other locations to distribute data from surface unit 402. Remote server 424 can be positioned at a remote location from the well and can provide data from remote sources. The third party server 426 can be in the field or remote, but it is operated by a third party.
    [0074] 406 servers may be able to transfer drilling data, such as profiling, drilling events, trajectory, and / or other oil field data, such as seismic data, historical data, data economic data, or other data that may be of use during the analysis. The type of server should not be constructed to limit the present invention, but instead the system 400 can be adapted to work with different types of servers as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
    [0075] 406 servers can collect a wide variety of data. Data can be collected from a variety of channels that provide certain types of data, such as well profiling. The data from the servers can be passed on to the analysis and management tools / software for processing and use applicable in making decisions regarding the well, whose decisions can be made by decision makers distant from the well. 406 servers can also be used to store and / or transfer data.
    [0076] With respect to the various cases of data transmission mentioned above with reference to the system of figure 17, any means of transmission known to those skilled in the art can be employed.
    [0077] In view of the discussion above, it will be understood that the methods described here can be performed by a machine such as the 418 processor and / or the 414 controller, which execute the instructions, which can be implemented in software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof, and which may be contained in an article of manufacture comprising a medium accessible to a computer or medium capable of being read by a computer, the instructions causing the machine to carry out the method when the instructions are executed by the machine.
    [0078] In the light of the principles and in the exemplary modalities described and illustrated here, it will be recognized that the examples of modalities can be modified in arrangement and details without deviating from those principles. Also, the previous discussion focused on particular modalities, but other configurations are also contemplated. In particular, although expressions such as "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," or the like are used here, said phrases may generally refer to possibilities of the embodiment, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention to the configurations particular modalities. As used here, said terms can refer to the same or different modalities that are combinable in other modalities. As a rule, any modality referenced here is freely combinable with any one or more of other modalities referenced here, and any number of characteristics of different modalities can be combined with one another, unless otherwise indicated or dictated by the description here.
    [0079] Similarly, although examples of methods or processes have been described with respect to particular steps or operations carried out in a particular sequence, numerous modifications can be applied to said methods or processes to derive numerous alternative embodiments of the present invention. For example, alternative modalities may include methods or processes that use less than all of the steps described or operations, methods or processes that use additional steps or operations, and the methods or processes in which the individual steps or operations described here are combined, subdivided , rearranged, rearranged, or otherwise altered. Similarly, said description describes one or more modalities in which various operations are performed by certain systems, applications, modules, components, etc. In alternative modalities, however, said operations can be performed by different components. Also, items such as applications, modules, components, etc. can be implemented as software manufacturers stored in a machine-accessible storage medium, such as an optical disk, a hard disk, etc., and said manufacturers can adopt the form of applications, programs, subroutines, instructions, objects, methods, classes, or any other suitable form of control logic; said items may also be implemented as firmware or hardware, or as any combination of software, firmware and hardware, or any combination of any two of software, firmware and hardware.
    [0080] Furthermore, each of the method modalities determined above, including all combinations of method modalities, can also be instantiated as a manufacturing article modality, in which a manufacturing article comprises a non-transitory medium accessible to the machine that contains instructions, in which the instructions, when executed by the machine, cause the machine to perform the respective method.
    [0081] The present description may include descriptions of various benefits and advantages that can be provided by various modalities. One, some, all or different benefits or advantages can be provided by different modalities.
    [0082] In view of a wide variety of useful permutations that can be readily derived from the examples of modalities described here, it is intended that said detailed description is merely illustrative, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. What is claimed as the present invention, therefore, are all implementations that fall within the scope of the following claims, and all equivalents of said implementations.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    1. Method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a casing in a well bore, characterized by the fact that it comprises: inducing an SH wave in the casing; measure the attenuation of the SH wave; determine the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave; induce the Lamb wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the Lamb wave; generate at least one Lamb attenuation curve that has a value that satisfies the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave; and determining the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material based on at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bonding material is cement.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction of at least one SH wave or Lamb wave in the coating and the measurement of the attenuation of at least one SH wave or Lamb wave is performed using a device electromagnetic acoustic transducer.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: determining the indicative strength property of the bonding material, based on at least one of (a) at a given compression speed or compression impedance and (b) the given shear rate or the shear impedance.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises selecting a particular mode of at least one of the SH wave to be induced and the Lamb wave to be induced, depending on the known or estimated density of the bonding material .
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the following contains: (a) the induction of the SH wave in the coating comprises causing the SH wave to propagate in an axial, circumferential or helical along the coating; and (b) the induction of the Lamb wave in the coating comprises causing the Lamb wave to propagate in an axial, circumferential or helical direction along the coating.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated has a value that satisfies the given shear speed or the shear impedance of the bonding material.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the determination of the compression speed or the compression impedance of the connection material based on at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave comprises calculate the compression rate or compression impedance of the bonding material using a ratio of the compression rate to the shear rate of the at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated and the given shear rate or the shear impedance of the bonding material .
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one Lamb attenuation curve generated corresponds to multiple compression speeds, and in which the determination of the compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material based on at least one generated Lamb attenuation curve and the measured Lamb wave attenuation comprises identifying an intersection of at least one generated Lamb attenuation curve and the measured Lamb wave attenuation.
    [0010]
    10. Method of determining the properties of a bonding material disposed outside a liner in a well bore, characterized by the fact that it comprises: inducing an acoustic wave in the liner; measure the attenuation of the acoustic wave; determining the compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the acoustic wave; induce the Lamb wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the Lamb wave; and determining the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on (a) the attenuation of the measured Lamb wave and (b) the given compression speed or the compression impedance of the bonding material, where the determination the shear speed or shear impedance of the bonding material based on (a) the measured attenuation of the Lamb wave and (b) the determined compression speed or compression impedance of the bonding material comprises: generating a Lamb attenuation curve which corresponds to (c) the compression rate or compression impedance determined of the bonding material and (d) multiple shear rates; and identifying an intersection of the Lamb attenuation curve generated with the measured Lamb attenuation.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the bonding material is cement.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the induction of the acoustic wave in the coating and the measurement of the attenuation of the acoustic wave comprises performing an echo pulse measurement.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the induction of the Lamb wave in the coating and the measurement of the attenuation of the Lamb wave is performed using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer device.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises: determining the indicative strength property of the bonding material, based on at least one of (c) at a given compression speed or compression impedance and (d) the given shear rate or the shear impedance.
    [0015]
    15. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises selecting a particular mode of the Lamb wave to be induced depending on the known or estimated density of the bonding material.
    [0016]
    16. Method, according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the induction of the Lamb wave in the coating comprises causing the Lamb wave to propagate in an axial, circumferential or helical direction along the coating.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises: inducing an SH wave in the coating; measure the attenuation of the SH wave; and determining the shear rate or shear impedance of the bonding material based on the measured attenuation of the SH wave.
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    同族专利:
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    US20140177389A1|2014-06-26|
    GB2580267A|2020-07-15|
    BR112015012403A2|2017-10-17|
    GB201512693D0|2015-08-26|
    GB2525340A|2015-10-21|
    US9273545B2|2016-03-01|
    GB2525340B|2020-07-15|
    WO2014100830A1|2014-06-26|
    GB2580267B|2020-10-07|
    NO20150547A1|2015-05-05|
    GB202004191D0|2020-05-06|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-02-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-10-13| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/12/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/726,215|US9273545B2|2012-12-23|2012-12-23|Use of Lamb and SH attenuations to estimate cement Vp and Vs in cased borehole|
    US13/726,215|2012-12-23|
    PCT/US2013/077615|WO2014100830A1|2012-12-23|2013-12-23|Use of lamb and sh attenuations to estimate cement vp and vs in cased borehole|
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